Sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud; Imanali Belvasi
Abstract
Introduction
The sun is known as the source of energy, the origin of life, and the origin of all other energies. The global solar radiation is one of the fundamental structures of any climatic range. Hence, recognition of the features and the prediction of these basic structures have a great impact ...
Read More
Introduction
The sun is known as the source of energy, the origin of life, and the origin of all other energies. The global solar radiation is one of the fundamental structures of any climatic range. Hence, recognition of the features and the prediction of these basic structures have a great impact on energy-related planning. One way to gainaccess to the solar energy information is the direct measurements of solar energy by measuring devices such as Pyranometer and Pyrheliometer Unfortunately, the measurement of the solar radiation is not always carried out in many parts due to the high cost, maintenance and the need for the equipment calibration. Remote sensing techniques can be an appropriate alternative to the experimental and old methods in this field due to the high accuracy and speed in predicting the net radiation values. In general, remote sensing models have a better performance in estimating solar radiation, and can be used as one of the suitable and low cost tools for estimating solar radiation. Considering the importance of solar radiation as a clean, availableand free of any environmental destructive pollutants, identifying the radiation areas to be introduced to the relevant authorities is essential and the aim of the research. In this research, it was attempted to study the feasibility of utilizing solar energy in the region of Alashtar County using the SEBALalgorithm and remote sensing technology.
Materials and Methods
To investigate and study the feasibility of using solar radiation energy, the Landsat-8 satellite images over a 12-month period of the year 2017, 1: 50,000 digital topographic maps of the Armed Forces Geographic Organization and the climatic data of the study area including temperature, precipitation, wind speed and the number of sunny days were used. The ENVI software was used to perform the calculations related to SEBALmodel and the ArcGIS software was used to implement the model. In this study, the feasibility of using solar energy in Salsala city was studied using SEBALalgorithm and remote sensing technology. In this method, the instantaneous values of pure radiation are obtained by measuring the sun’s incident radiation from the cloudless images and using surface albedo, surface emission and surface temperature. In this method, instantaneous values of pure radiation are obtained by measuring the sun’s incident radiation from cloudless images using surface albedo, surface emission and surface temperature. After calculating the parameters of the SEBAL algorithm, the net surface radiation flux was calculated.
Discussion and Results
The results showed that the average maximum short-wave radiation was 996 watts per square meter in June and the minimum was 460 watts per square meter in January, while the highest amount of net radiation in September was calculated to be 602 watts per square meter and the lowest amount in January was calculated to be 261 watts per square meter. Also, the highest percentages of net radiation distribution in the ranges of 0-200, 200-400, 400-600, 600-800 and 800-1000 watts per square meter were in August, November, April, September and June. The highest percentage of net radiation distribution was in the range of 600-800 watts per square meter with 69.86% of total net radiation in September and the lowest percentage was in the range of 800-800 watts per square meter in January.
Conclusion
In order to carry out the research, the Landsat 8 ETM satellite images for the 12 month period of the year 2017 were provided. But, since the images of February, March and December were completely cloudy, they were not used. Then the preprocessing operation in ENVI software was used on all bands of images. The amount of pure radiation in the study area was calculated in watts per square meter in January to November in ENVI software environment and by the utilization of SEBAL algorithm, using the prepared images (Table 2). The results of Table (2) show that the average maximum input shortwave radiation is 996 watts per square meter in June, the lowest amount input is 460 watts per square meter in January, the highest output long wave radiation is 539 watts per square meter in July and the lowest output is 391 watts per square meter in January. Finally, the highest amount of net radiation reaching the surface of the Earth was 602 watts per square meter in September and the lowest amount was 261 watts per square meter in January. The highest percentage of net radiation in the range of 600-800 watts per square meter was 69.86% in September 2017 and the highest percentage of net radiation in the range of 600-400 watts per square meter was 60.12% in January 2017.
The difference in the amount of net radiation reaching the ground in the study area is due to the difference in the angle of the sunlight and the number of sunny hours in different months of the year.
The results obtained from of the information in Tables 2 to 11 prove this fact. Also, given the sensitivity of the photovoltaic cells that are sensitive to the solar radiation from the radiation threshold of up to 1000 watts per square meter and receive them, it can be concluded that solar radiation in the city of Alshtar has the potential to implement the solar photovoltaic plans in 9 months of January to November.
Sayyad Ashari Sareskanroud; Saleh Asghari Sareskanroud
Volume 18, Issue 69 , May 2009, , Pages 37-40
Abstract
In urban geomorphology, the important factor of urban areas’ development is considered to be the artificial change and transformation of the ground’s crust and the effect of human activities on the crust, as well as natural factors. Consequently, the daily growth of cities caused by the population ...
Read More
In urban geomorphology, the important factor of urban areas’ development is considered to be the artificial change and transformation of the ground’s crust and the effect of human activities on the crust, as well as natural factors. Consequently, the daily growth of cities caused by the population growth and migration has led to unplanned constructions and vast changes in the spatial structure, specially the physical development of city in unfavorable natural locations, which calls for conscious guide and major organization.
Unbridled and inconsistent development of urban areas due to human activities with the aim of urban development, directly changes vast areas of ground crust in a very short period of time, which is apart from the long- geomorphologic effect and its natural process. These facts lead to the appearance of dangers that are, according to experience, sometimes hard to predict and accompanied by life and property losses. Accordingly, in this paper the deficiencies and natural dangers in the city of Hashtrud are displayed through geomorphologic examination.
